{"id":5053,"date":"2025-10-08T06:50:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T06:50:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agrosynapsis.com\/?p=5053"},"modified":"2025-10-08T06:54:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T06:54:28","slug":"additive-vs-dominance-effects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agrosynapsis.com\/es\/additive-vs-dominance-effects\/","title":{"rendered":"Additive and Dominance Effects \u2013 Beyond \u201cDominant\u201d and \u201cRecessive\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

When we first learned genetics in school, we were introduced to terms like “dominant” and “recessive” to explain simple traits such as flower color or seed shape. These work well for Mendelian traits, but fall short when it comes to quantitative traits like grain yield, plant height, or stress tolerance.

In quantitative genetics, we use a more flexible and precise way to describe how alleles affect traits:

\u2192 Additive and dominance effects.
\ud83d\udc49 Dominance, in this context, refers to the degree to which the heterozygote’s phenotype deviates from the midpoint between the two homozygotes. It quantifies non-additive interactions between alleles at a single locus.

Let\u2019s break this down with an example:
\ud83d\udcca A QTL affects grain yield in maize:
AA plants yield 6 tons\/ha
Aa yield 5 tons\/ha
aa yield 2 tons\/ha
\ud83e\uddee From this, we calculate:
Additive effect (a) = (6 – 2)\/2 = 2
Dominance deviation (d) = 5 – 4 = +1
(where 4 is the midpoint between AA and aa)

\ud83d\udc49 To compare dominance across different traits and QTLs, we standardize these values by calculating the scaled dominance deviation (d\/a), which expresses how much the heterozygote deviates from additivity relative to the additive effect size.
In this case:
d\/a = 1 \/ 2 = 0.5, indicating partial dominance.

\ud83d\udd0d Types of dominance based on the scaled dominance deviation (d\/a):

\u2705d\/a = 0 \u2192 No dominance (Additivity):
The heterozygote (Aa) lies exactly between the homozygotes.
\u27a4 Example: If AA = 6, aa = 2 \u2192 Aa = 4

\u2705d\/a = 1 \u2192 Complete dominance:
The heterozygote (Aa) has the same phenotype as AA.
\u27a4 Example: Aa = 6

\u27050 < d\/a < 1 \u2192 Partial dominance:
The heterozygote lies closer to one homozygote, but not equal.
\u27a4 Example: Aa = 5

\u2705d\/a > 1 \u2192 Overdominance:
The heterozygote outperforms both homozygotes.
\u27a4 Example: Aa = 8
\u27a4 This is often observed as hybrid vigor (heterosis).

\ud83c\udfaf These concepts are essential in understanding trait inheritance. They help breeders not only choose which alleles to select but also understand how these alleles interact in hybrids or segregating populations.

At AgroSynapsis<\/a>, we are fascinated by training\u2014especially by transforming complex genetic concepts into attractive narratives through engaging infographics and by breaking down the most relevant information into actionable insights for every breeder.

\ud83c\udfaf If you find our content helpful and want to strengthen your skills, we invite you to fill out our short training interest form. By doing so, you’ll help us tailor upcoming workshops to your real needs\u2014and you’ll be the first to receive early access and special discounts for future sessions.

\ud83d\udc49 https:\/\/lnkd.in\/g3tApqPz<\/a>s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Discover what is the diiference between additive and dominance effects in genetics, and why they matter in selection strategy.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge-bites"],"yoast_head":"\nAdditive and Dominance Effects \u2013 Beyond \u201cDominant\u201d and \u201cRecessive\u201d - AgroSynapsis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/agrosynapsis.com\/es\/additive-vs-dominance-effects\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Additive and Dominance Effects \u2013 Beyond \u201cDominant\u201d and \u201cRecessive\u201d - 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